Stateville was the model in turn for a prison on the Isle of Pines in Cuba, opened in 1931. 3 Perhaps the best-known true panopticons ever constructed were at the Stateville Penitentiary near Joliet in Illinois ( Figure 2), where there were five rotundas within the one prison, built between 19. Figure 1 shows the Koepelgevangenis at Arnhem, designed by J F Metzelaar. There were three panopticons erected in Holland in the late nineteenth century, all of which survive. 2 But if we take the word to apply more narrowly to cylindrical prisons along the lines that Bentham himself imagined, then very few have ever been built. The term ‘Panopticon’ has been used more or less loosely, since Jeremy Bentham first coined the word, to refer to any prison – or indeed any other kind of institutional building – which has a centralised plan and some sort of observation post at the middle.
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